federal government

Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

federal government [federal government] BrE NAmE
(in the US) the system of government as defined in the Constitution which is based on the separation of powers among three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial. This system provides a series of ↑checks and balances because each branch is able to limit the power of the others. The executive branch consists of the ↑President and Vice-President, based in the ↑White House in Washington, DC, and government departments and agencies. The President can approve or stop laws proposed by ↑Congress, ↑appoints senior officials, such as heads of government departments and federal judges, and is also Commander-in-Chief of the military forces. There are 15 government departments, the heads of which make up the Cabinet which meets regularly to discuss current affairs and advise the President. The legislative branch is the ↑Congress which is made up of the two houses, the ↑Senate and the ↑House of Representatives which both meet in the Capitol Building in Washington, DC. The main job of Congress is to make laws, but its other responsibilities include establishing federal courts, setting taxes and, if necessary, declaring war. The President and members of Congress are chosen in separate elections. The Senate has 100 members, two from each state, both of whom represent the whole state and are elected for six years. The House of Representatives has 435 members, who are elected every two years. The number of members from each state depends on the population of the state, with larger states divided into districts, each with one representative. The judicial branch of government has three levels: the ↑Supreme Court, 13 courts of ↑appeal and many federal district courts. The Supreme Court has nine members, called justices who are chosen by the President and headed by the Chief Justice. The Supreme Court has the power to influence the law through a process called judicial review.